Eve of Decision

Bay Street's Outlook on the Bank of Canada's September Rate Announcement

Published by Outline Financial on Tuesday, September 16, 2025 at 3:58 PM EDT

Summary

A powerful consensus has formed across Canada's major financial institutions: the Bank of Canada (BoC) will cut its benchmark rate by 25 basis points to 2.50%. This pivotal shift is driven by a cascade of weak economic data, including a deteriorating labour market and a Q2 economic contraction. The key tension for the BoC is balancing this faltering momentum against stubbornly high core inflation.

While the immediate cut seems certain, a significant divergence exists on the future path of monetary policy, with terminal rate forecasts ranging from a dovish 2.00% to a hawkish reversal of cuts in 2026. This dashboard provides an interactive breakdown of the landscape heading into tomorrow's announcement.

The Bay Street Consensus: Detailed Breakdown

Market Consensus: Sept. 17 Decision

Probability of a 25 bps Rate Cut

94%

Key Canadian Economic Indicators

Real GDP (Q2 2025, Annualized) -1.6%
Unemployment Rate (Aug 2025) 7.1%
Headline CPI (Aug 2025, YoY) 1.9%
BoC Core CPI Avg (Aug 2025) 3.05%

Macroeconomic Context: The Case for a Rate Cut

The Labour Market's "Brick Wall"

The most significant catalyst has been the sharp weakening of the Canadian labour market. The economy shed 66,000 jobs in August, pushing the unemployment rate to a post-pandemic high of 7.1%. This clear signal of growing economic slack cannot be ignored by a data-dependent central bank.

Stagnating Economic Growth

Statistics Canada confirmed real GDP contracted in Q2 2025, confirming the economy has lost all forward momentum. With forecasts for the second half of 2025 suggesting growth will struggle to remain above zero, a rate cut serves as a crucial "insurance policy" against a more severe downturn.

The Inflation Conundrum

The primary complexity is divergent inflation data. Headline CPI is at 1.9%, below the 2% target. However, the Bank's preferred core measures (CPI-trim/median) remain stubbornly high around 3%. The consensus is that the BoC will "look through" the sticky core measures to prioritize the more immediate threat of economic stagnation.

Bank of Canada's Dilemma & What to Watch For

With no recent public speeches, the Bank's statement at 9:45 AM ET and the press conference at 10:30 AM ET will be heavily scrutinized. The challenge is to justify a dovish rate cut while maintaining a hawkish tone on its commitment to the 2% inflation target to manage market expectations.

  • Policy Statement Tone: Is the cut "fine-tuning" (implying a shallow cycle) or to make policy "accommodative" (implying more cuts)?
  • Press Conference Language: Governor Macklem's assessment of labour market slack and core inflation persistence will shape expectations for October and December.
  • Managing Expectations: Without a new Monetary Policy Report, clear communication is crucial to avoid market misinterpretation and unintended financial tightening or easing.

Upcoming Bank of Canada Meeting Dates

2025

Wednesday, October 29
Wednesday, December 10

2026

Wednesday, January 28
Wednesday, March 18
Wednesday, April 29
Wednesday, June 10
Wednesday, July 15
Wednesday, September 2
Wednesday, October 28
Wednesday, December 9